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Al-Humaidi, H M (2007) A fuzzy logic approach to model delays in construction projects, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Ohio State University.
Al-Kaabi, N S (2006) A fuzzy-based construction safety advisor (CSA) for construction safety in the United Arab Emirates, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Ohio State University.
Bu-Qammaz, A S A S (2015) Risk management model for international public construction joint venture projects in Kuwait, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Ohio State University.
El-khawas, I N (1997) The optimal design of buildings: A life-cycle approach to energy efficiency, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Ohio State University.
Ellis, R A (1980) An analysis of the impact of public participation activities in water and transportation projects, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Ohio State University.
Fereshtehnejad, S (2018) Multi-hazard lifecycle methods for aging structures and infrastructure systems, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Ohio State University.
Garrett, C C (1991) Roadway infrastructure management and investment behavior studies for developing countries: A multicriteria approach to road improvement decision-making, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Ohio State University.
Godby, C J (2002) A computational study of lexicalized noun phrases in English, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Ohio State University.
Halfawy, M M R (1998) A multi-agent collaborative framework for concurrent design of constructed facilities, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Ohio State University.
Hauenstein, A D (1966) Construction: A taxonomy and syllabus of production practices with implications for industrial arts, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Ohio State University.
Jin, R (2013) A statistical modeling approach to studying the effects of alternative and waste materials on green concrete properties, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Ohio State University.
Mahmood, N A (2021) Real-time site safety risk assessment and intervention for on-foot building construction workers using RFID-based multi-sensor intelligent system, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Ohio State University.
Pan, N-F S (2001) Fuzzy reasoning expert scheduling system (FRESS) for highway construction subject to rain impact: A case study in Taiwan, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Ohio State University.
Sadoun, B I (1992) A modeling methodology for energy-conserving site design, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Ohio State University.
Sarma, K C (2001) Fuzzy discrete multicriteria cost optimization of steel structures using genetic algorithm, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Ohio State University.
Sirca, G F (2019) Analysis of full-scale in-service civil engineering structures, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Ohio State University.
Stanbury, J A C (1992) An exploratory empirical study of the international consulting engineering design services industry: A United States perspective, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Ohio State University.
Tseng, C-H (2006) Safety performance analyzer for constructed environments (SPACE), Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Ohio State University.
Vargas, C A (1998) Investigating construction falls using fault tree analysis and developing a prototype tool to reduce falls using expert system and computer-assisted instruction methods, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Ohio State University.
Wee, S (1993) A prototype of an expert system for pavement maintenance and rehabilitation strategy in the state of Ohio (espresso), Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Ohio State University.
Yang, F (2022) Ascending the pagoda: A ground-up exploration of the ancient construction methods of dayanta using virtual reality, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Ohio State University.
- Type: Thesis
- Keywords: education; energy consumption; virtual reality; columns; equipment; masonry; ancient construction; civil engineering; learning; service life; teaching; visualization; China; historical study; simulation; construction method; civil engineer; mason
- ISBN/ISSN:
- URL: https://www.proquest.com/docview/2713931474
- Abstract:
The Dayanta pagoda, also called the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda, is located in Shaanxi Province, China. Built in the Tang Dynasty, the Dayanta symbolizes the highest architectural achievement of ancient Chinese civil engineering. The process of constructing the Dayanta was investigated and simulated graphically in 3-D models. The methods of data collection, modeling, and VR production proved effective for digitally reconstructing an ancient building and simulating its construction process. The project was divided into four major parts: 1) data collection, 2) investigation of the construction process, 3) 3-D modeling and 4) VR production. Data collection uncovered the evolution of the Dayanta through the literature, with its changing style and number of levels, which reflected cultural influences on ancient Chinese architecture. The site selection of the pagoda on top of a plateau is speculated to stem from cultural and religious influences. Data collection enabled a repository about the Dayanta to be established, which included historical studies, dimensions, and photographs taken during a field trip to the Dayanta. Due to the scarcity of information of this ancient pagoda, the investigation of the structure and construction process of Dayanta often requires the use of present practice as a guideline to past practices, tailored to the availability of ancient materials and technology. The investigation of the structure and construction process of the Dayanta provided these important findings: 1) The local yellow loess soil, which is soft and unstable, was excavated and replaced with a mixture of gravel, sand, and rammed soil. 2) The integrated foundation made of rammed soil and brick is believed to be stronger than that made solely of rammed soil, since the pagoda rebuilt in 709 CE after the foundation of the first version collapsed still stands. 3) The case of the Dayanta serves as a template for studying ancient construction management, which requires a high degree of cooperation among a well-organized team of workers. 4) The unevenness of the backfilled rammed soil and brick foundation are probably one reason the Dayanta leans. 5) The south-facing Dayanta was oriented with considerable preciseness, which indicates that orientation and leveling were accurately conducted in the preplanning and planning stages. 6) The base was expanded in the 1980s; thus, the construction of the base can be separated into two stages: The smaller original base, which served as a structural component, covering the foundation, and performing as a platform for workers for the construction; and the larger, expanded base, which is more decorative. 7) The masonry walls are likely filled with rammed earth. This made sense at the time due to the excessive thickness of the walls (9.15 m) built at the time to support the super structure. 8) Columns were found to serve as structural and non-structural components on Levels 1 and 2, respectively. Thus, the construction of each floor followed the pillar-stairs-floor sequence, with the structural components placed first, a common construction sequence. 9) The support system was likely built in the sequence wall-column-beam-subfloor-beam-subfloor-slab. 10) Face brick grinding, a technique requiring highly skillful masons, involves accurate use of mortar and precise operations on bricks, as have been used in the outer walls of the Dayanta. 11) Longitudinally arranged bricks were used on the bottom of the vault corridors, probably because mutual friction between bricks reinforced the structure. 12) Block and tackle and scaffolding were used to support laborers and to transport materials to the top of the construction. In brief, the construction of the Dayanta, including the building techniques, tools and equipment, construction materials, laborers, and concepts related to construction management were investigated and organized into a complete construction process in every stage. A digital reconstruction of the construction process of the pagoda based on the repository and discussion of the building processes of the Dayanta was modeled in 3-D graphics using various software. The modeling produced a series of simulated scenes, including the erection of each component of the pagoda, with materials, laborers, tools, and equipment to illustrate how the pagoda was built piece by piece. It has been proven that using 3-D models to simulate the construction process of the Dayanta is feasible. Through the literature review and graphical simulation of the construction details, ancient building techniques have been revealed to be sophisticated and ingenious enough to inspire modern civil engineers to design a building with lower energy consumption, longer service life using environmentally friendly materials, as was done in the construction of the Dayanta. Investigation of the construction process of the Dayanta produced highly informative content about the building techniques employed in ancient China. The methods presented in this dissertation to reveal the construction details, from determining the location, discussing the sequence, and rationalizing the process, is an effective approach to answer a series of how-to-build questions for ancient Chinese buildings, and such a method can be applied widely in the research of ancient building all over the world. This dissertation is the first visualization of the four versions of the Dayanta in 3-D graphics, reflecting the historical evolution of the Dayanta. Three-D modeling is an effective approach to filling the gap of missing records and data about the construction of an ancient building. Even if some structural and building details were not fully explained in references, the construction process of the Dayanta could be successfully visualized using 3-D modeling based on engineering knowledge. The method of visualization presented in this dissertation can give new ideas and outlook on the use of computer graphics in the areas of history, archaeology, and architecture. Finally, using the leading-edge technology, virtual reality (VR), to introduce a building that was built in the remote past demonstrates an exciting prospective application of VR in engineering education practice. An immersive and interactive virtual reality (VR) program was created by integrating the graphical simulation of the Dayanta that serves to introduce this ancient building to students. A survey was conducted via questionnaire to test the performance of the VR model in the process of teaching and learning in an engineering class. The positive responses collected from students indicate that VR is a promising method that can be used in the practice of engineering education.
Yoo, W S (2007) An information-based decision making framework for evaluating and forecasting a project cost and completion date, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Ohio State University.
Young, D R (1968) The development of a construction industry interest inventory, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Ohio State University.
Yu, B (2007) Essays on structural analysis of procurement auctions, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Ohio State University.